CAROTID PLAQUE CHARACTERIZATION USING DOPPLER ULTRASOUND WITH DIABETES, HYPERTENSION AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Abstract

Background: Reduced oxygen flow to the brain is a result of carotid artery stenosis. The brain need oxygen to function continuously. The blood supply can be disrupted, even for a short time. Objective: To evaluate carotid plaque using doppler ultrasound in subjects with risk factors diabetes hypertension and hyperlipidemia Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at CMH Kharian. 115 patients with both genders of all age groups were enrolled in this study by Convenient sampling technique. Both male and females were included. Patients with diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension were included. Patients with known psychiatric disease, and inability to lie still for sonographic evaluation, were excluded. Patients having known carotid artery disease or past endarterectomy were excluded Results: In this research study, a total of 115 patients were selected based on inclusion criteria. The frequency distributions have been shown in Tab.01, 02, 03, 04, 05. Male ratio 50.4% was higher than females 49.6%. Out of 115 patients 99 (86.1%) patients were diagnosed with hypertension, 103 (89.6%) were with diabetes, 30 (26.1%) were with hyper-lipidemia and 100 (87.0%) patients were diagnosed with plaque. Table 06 Shows 12.2% had hyperechoic plaques, 10.4% had heterogenous, 68.7% had calcified, and 8.7% had mixed plaque appearance. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there was significant association between carotid plaques and diabetes, hypertension and hyper-lipidemia. By using the sample size, we found evidence of carotid plaque in the majority of subjects with possible risk factors. Since carotid Doppler ultrasound is sensitive, accurate, and reliable, it provides a low-cost noninvasive method for detecting carotid artery plaques.